Prostate carcinoma is the most common malignancy in
men in the United States and is one of the most common cause
of cancer related deaths in men above 55 years old. Although the cause is unknown, it is more
common and also associated with higher mortality in
African American men for unclear reasons. It has also been
associated with sexual activity and testosterone level.
Dietary fat , occupational exposure to
carcinogens (cadmium oxide dust), religion ( commoner in
protestants and Catholics than in Jews) and marital
status ( commoner in married men) have been suggested to play a role, but have not been
fully understood. Family history plays a significant role;
there is a twofold increased risk of developing the
neoplasia in patients with affected 1st degree relative.
The risk of developing prostate cancer
also increases with age. Some prostate carcinomas are slow
growing and may persist for a long period of time without any
significant symptoms, while some are quite aggressive. More than 75 percent
prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas and often begins in the
peripherial zones of the prostate. The most poorly
differentiated (histoligically) part of the tumor determines its biological
behavior. The remaining types tumors are mainly divided
between squamous and transitional cells carcinomas.
Screening For Prostate Carcinoma
Routine testing for prostate carcinoma by digital rectal examination,
transrectal ultrasonography and measurement of prostate specific antigen levels
has been suggested, but there is a great debate as to the
cost of screening, reliability of the test results and
possible over-diagnosis of the condition. Another
screening method is measurement of the serum acid
phosphatase levels in conjunction with the above screening
modalities. The target population for screening for prostate
cancer includes men over the age of 55.
Symptoms Of Prostate Cancer
The symptoms of prostate cancer
Management Of Prostate Cancer
Localized prostatic carcinoma may be treated with radiation therapy, watchful waiting or radical prostatectomy.
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